Visiting Machu Picchu is an experience like no other. Perched at an altitude of 2,430 meters (7,970 feet), this UNESCO World Heritage site is a remarkable testament to Incan engineering. When I first arrived, I was awestruck by the dramatic stone structures that cling to the mountainside, all built without mortar—a technique known as ashlar. The attention to detail in the stonework, such as the Intihuatana stone, demonstrates the Incas’ advanced understanding of astronomy and construction.
ashlar
The 45-kilometer (28-mile) Inca Trail is the classic route to Machu Picchu, providing a four-day trek through the Andes that culminates in an unforgettable sunrise at the Sun Gate (Inti Punku). For those who prefer a more leisurely option, the train from Cusco to Aguas Calientes is a scenic journey that takes about 3.5 hours.
Sun Gate
Inti Punku
- Name: Dirección Desconcentrada de Cultura Cusco
- Address: Av. de la Cultura 238, Cusco, Peru
- Phone: +51 84 582030
- Official Website: http://www.culturacusco.gob.pe
- Contact Email: info@culturacusco.gob.pe
- Operating Hours: Mon-Fri: 8:00 am – 5:00 pm
- Services Offered: Management and preservation of Machu Picchu and other historical sites in the Cusco region.
- Certifications: UNESCO World Heritage designation.
For more information about Machu Picchu, check out UNESCO’s official listing.
2. The Sacred Valley – Heart of Incan Civilization
The Sacred Valley, located between Cusco and Machu Picchu, spans approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles). Its fertile fields once fed the Incan empire, and today, it remains a cultural hub filled with historic ruins and vibrant Andean villages. During my visit, the contrast between the towering mountains and lush valley below was striking.
Ollantaytambo, with its massive stone terraces, showcases the military and agricultural prowess of the Incas. These terraces are an impressive sight, built to prevent soil erosion on steep slopes. The ruins of Pisac, another key site in the Sacred Valley, offer breathtaking views of the Urubamba River, and the local market is a treasure trove of handwoven textiles and traditional crafts.
- Name: Dirección Regional de Comercio Exterior y Turismo de Cusco
- Address: Av. del Sol 103, Cusco, Peru
- Phone: +51 84 222180
- Official Website: http://www.dirceturcusco.gob.pe
- Contact Email: info@dirceturcusco.gob.pe
- Operating Hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 am – 6:00 pm
- Services Offered: Tourism promotion, cultural heritage conservation.
- Certifications: Regional government authority for tourism and culture in Cusco.
To learn more about the Sacred Valley, check the official website of Peru’s Ministry of Culture.
3. Cusco – The Ancient Capital of the Inca Empire
Cusco, sitting at 3,400 meters (11,150 feet), was once the heart of the Inca Empire and is now a UNESCO World Heritage city. I was immediately struck by how this city blends Incan ruins with Spanish colonial architecture. Walking through the historic Plaza de Armas, I admired the grand Cusco Cathedral, built atop the foundation of an ancient Inca palace.
One of the most fascinating structures in Cusco is Sacsayhuamán, a fortress situated just outside the city. The stones here, some weighing more than 100 tons, are fitted together with such precision that even modern tools would struggle to replicate their exactitude. The views from the fortress, overlooking the city and the surrounding mountains, are breathtaking.
- Name: Municipalidad del Cusco
- Address: Plaza de Armas s/n, Cusco, Peru
- Phone: +51 84 240543
- Official Website: http://www.municusco.gob.pe
- Contact Email: info@municusco.gob.pe
- Operating Hours: Mon-Fri: 8:00 am – 5:00 pm
- Services Offered: Local government services, tourism promotion.
- Certifications: UNESCO World Heritage site management.
For more details on Cusco’s cultural significance, visit UNESCO’s official page.
4. Lake Titicaca – The Highest Navigable Lake in the World
At 3,812 meters (12,507 feet) above sea level, Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world and spans more than 8,372 square kilometers (3,232 square miles). When I visited the lake, the views of the deep blue waters, contrasted with the bright skies and surrounding mountains, created an almost mystical aura.
I was particularly fascinated by the Uros Islands, floating islands made entirely of totora reeds. These islands are home to the Uros people, who have lived on the lake for centuries, maintaining their unique culture. The construction of these islands, which involves layering the reeds on top of one another, is a tradition passed down through generations.
- Name: Dirección Regional de Turismo de Puno
- Address: Jr. Deza 339, Puno, Peru
- Phone: +51 51 365754
- Official Website: http://www.dirceturpuno.gob.pe
- Contact Email: info@dirceturpuno.gob.pe
- Operating Hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 am – 5:00 pm
- Services Offered: Tourism promotion in the Puno region.
- Certifications: National tourism authority.
For more on Lake Titicaca’s ecological and cultural importance, visit Lake Titicaca on Wikipedia.
5. Colca Canyon – One of the Deepest Canyons in the World
Colca Canyon, at over 3,270 meters (10,730 feet) deep, is one of the world’s deepest canyons, more than twice the depth of the Grand Canyon. It stretches for approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) and is surrounded by rugged terrain, snow-capped peaks, and centuries-old terraced agriculture. My visit to the canyon was filled with awe, particularly when watching the majestic Andean condors glide through the sky from the Cruz del Condor viewpoint.
Cruz del Condor
Trekking through the canyon, I felt a sense of connection to the local villages that have thrived in this area for generations. The people still practice traditional agriculture on terraces dating back to pre-Incan times.
- Name: Autocolca
- Address: Calle Lima 300, Chivay, Arequipa, Peru
- Phone: +51 54 531177
- Official Website: http://www.colcaperu.gob.pe
- Contact Email: info@colcaperu.gob.pe
- Operating Hours: Mon-Sat: 8:00 am – 6:00 pm
- Services Offered: Management and promotion of Colca Canyon tourism.
- Certifications: Regional tourism authority.
Learn more about trekking and wildlife in Colca Canyon from the Colca Canyon guide.
6. The Amazon Rainforest – A Biodiversity Wonderland
The Peruvian Amazon covers over 60% of the country’s landmass and is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world. I traveled to Puerto Maldonado, a gateway to the rainforest, where eco-lodges offered guided tours into the heart of the jungle. The sheer density of life was overwhelming—trees towering over 50 meters (164 feet), colorful birds, and a host of mammals and reptiles.
The rainforest’s biodiversity is unparalleled. In one square kilometer, scientists have documented over 200 tree species, not to mention countless insects, amphibians, and birds. Exploring the canopy walkways and observing the local flora and fauna with expert guides was a transformative experience.
- Name: Tambopata Research Center
- Address: Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
- Phone: +51 1 5780420
- Official Website: https://www.perunature.com
- Contact Email: info@perunature.com
- Operating Hours: Mon-Sun: 8:00 am – 6:00 pm
- Services Offered: Eco-tourism and wildlife conservation in the Amazon.
- Certifications: Certified by the Rainforest Alliance.
Find more information about the Per
uvian Amazon at Rainforest Alliance.
7. Huacachina – The Desert Oasis
Huacachina, an oasis village in the desert near Ica, is surrounded by sand dunes that can reach heights of 200 meters (656 feet). The contrast between the endless sea of sand and the lush greenery of the oasis is something I’ll never forget. I experienced the thrill of sandboarding and dune buggy rides, racing over the dunes in a high-speed adventure.
After an exhilarating day, relaxing by the palm-fringed lagoon in the center of Huacachina felt surreal. It’s easy to forget you’re in the middle of a desert when you’re surrounded by such a tranquil scene.
- Name: Municipalidad Provincial de Ica
- Address: Calle La Mar 123, Ica, Peru
- Phone: +51 56 211522
- Official Website: http://www.muniica.gob.pe
- Contact Email: info@muniica.gob.pe
- Operating Hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00 am – 5:00 pm
- Services Offered: Local government services, tourism management.
- Certifications: Certified by the Ministry of Tourism.
For more details on Huacachina and activities, visit Huacachina Oasis.
FAQs
What is the best time to visit Machu Picchu?
The best time to visit Machu Picchu is during the dry season, between May and September. This period offers clearer skies and more predictable weather, making it ideal for trekking.
Is altitude sickness common in Cusco?
Yes, Cusco sits at 3,400 meters (11,150 feet), and many visitors experience mild altitude sickness. It’s recommended to rest, hydrate, and avoid alcohol during your first day in the city.
How can I visit the Uros floating islands?
Boats leave daily from Puno to the Uros Islands. Tours typically last a few hours and can be booked through local operators or the Puno Tourist Information Center.
What animals can I expect to see in the Amazon Rainforest?
The Peruvian Amazon is home to a vast range of wildlife, including jaguars, monkeys, macaws, and pink river dolphins. Guided tours often provide the best chance to spot wildlife.
Can I do a day trip to Colca Canyon?
Yes, day trips to Colca Canyon are possible from Arequipa, but for a more immersive experience, many choose multi-day treks or overnight stays in the canyon.
How do I get to Huacachina?
Huacachina is about a 4-5 hour drive from Lima. You can take a bus or drive to Ica and then continue by taxi to the oasis.
Conclusion
Peru is a land of contrasts and wonders, from the ancient ruins of Machu Picchu to the breathtaking depths of Colca Canyon. Each destination offers something unique—whether it’s the vibrant culture of Cusco, the serene beauty of Lake Titicaca, or the adventure of Huacachina. As I traveled through these seven spectacular locations, I found myself continuously inspired by Peru’s diversity and its people. So, pack your bags and start planning your adventure—Peru is waiting to leave you speechless.
